High Quality Early Childhood Education - 2099 Words

Socio-Emotional Development Definition There are no federal standards for early childhood education programs, leaving each state to create their own and leaving a wide range of variance between programs and states in terms of requirements (Magnuson Waldfogel, 2005). High quality early childhood education can be defined using the following benchmarks that were set by the National Institute of Early Education Research (NIEER) and described by Barnett Frede (2010). The first four benchmarks are dedicated to teacher qualifications. Pre-kindergarten educators ideally have a bachelor’s degree that specialized in early childhood education as well as 15 hours of in-service training per year. Assistant teachers should have at least a Child Development Associate (CDA) or a CDA Equivalent. The next two benchmarks look at the class sizes and student to teacher ratios. Classrooms should have no more than 20 students and with a student-to-teacher ratio of 10:1. Benchmark number sev en calls for learning and development standards that should cover children’s physical, social/emotional, motor, and language development as well as approaches to learning, cognition, and general knowledge. Benchmark eight and nine calls for the overall physical and socio-emotional well being of the children. There should be at least one nutritious meal provided per day; vision, hearing, and health screenings should be provided; and parent communication, involvement, and parent education should beShow MoreRelatedProvide High-Quality Inclusive, Early Childhood Education and Care638 Words   |  3 Pages(1905) SDN, a not-for profit organisation is committed in providing quality and inclusive services for children and families in need of early childhood education and care services such as long day care centres and pre-schools within the regions of New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. In addition to these mainstream services, SDN caters specific programs and early intervention support designed for children with high care needs that require additional assistance and their families of marginalisedRead MoreThe Early Childhood Development Of Australia1269 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent years the early childhood sector in Australia has undergone a number of legislative and organizational changes, which have impacted on the overall structure of service provision in Australia. Initiatives introduced by the federal government have changed the face of childcare from simple ‘child minding’ services, to full early childhood educational facilities, offering comprehensive age specific ‘high quality’ educational curriculum, which cover all ages and stages of early childhood developmentRead MoreDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe early childhood sector is increasing rapidly across the Caribbean. Some of these centres just came about in an ad hoc manner due to the demand for day c are services; recognising how important early childhood development is, governments and other officials are being faced with the task of ensuring that quality early childhood education is provided. This essay seeks to discuss teachers’ expectations, sensitivities, priorities and values that contribute to the quality of all pupils learning andRead MoreGood Communication Skills are Essential for Early Childhood Education1306 Words   |  6 PagesGood communication skills form a critical element of early childhood education. Communication consists of two main styles: Verbal and non-verbal. These styles of communication form the foundation of effective teaching and learning within the early childhood forum. A good early childhood educator will enhance learning and development with an extensive knowledge of both the verbal and non-verbal elements of communication. An early childhood educator will understand what constitutes good communicationRead MoreEarly Childhood Education : Children s Understanding And Development Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood education typically pertains to the education of children who range in age from babies to kindergarten age. This does not start and end inside the class room. Early childhood training is debatably the most crucial phase of educational development as it is from this cornerstone that future development and learning happen. High quality programs need to incorporate teaching in reading capabilities, motor skills, vocabulary and communication abilities. This will create substantial benefitsRead MoreThe Role Of Schools In Early Childhood Education1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of schools in early childhood education is that they should present high quality free and universal education. Schools should be providing children with the opportunity to attend Pre-K as well as Kindergarten. According to Erlbaum (1983), â€Å"Children who attend preschool are less often retained in grade and placed in special education, and they more often graduate from high school.† Enrolling a child in a Pre-K program introduces children to the academic skills that are a necessity when transitioningRead MoreOutline Of A Revised Philosophy1602 Words   |  7 Pagesvalue, respect encourage and empowered these values. I believe in developing responsive and reciprocal relationships that are trusting and high quality. I believe by having good relationships particularly with families enables that child to feel more secure and trusting within the service. I believe that as educators we create that climate in which good quality sustained interactions with children and adult occur. In honour, support and acknowledgement of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of WaitangiRead MoreThe State Of Georgia Have Quality Early Childhood Education1447 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Purpose The purpose of this policy is to ensure that all children in the state of Georgia have quality Early Childhood Programs that are accessible, affordable, comprehensive, and sustainable. Crafting strategic and thoughtful policy in the forefront will ensure the academic achievement, social development and future success of the state’s youth. †¢ Scope This policy will aim to address the social, academic and general health needs of all children from birth to the age of 8 years in the state ofRead MoreBenefits Of Low Salaries For Early Childhood Education1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn the ever-growing society, the necessity of early childhood education has increased as research indicated all the beneficiary effects on the child’s developmental learning capacity in their early years. However, low salaries negatively affect many early childhood educators who dedicated time and effort to continue higher education and trainings to ensure the best practices for the children. With the efforts to raise salaries for early childhood teachers, many professionals and educators in theRead MoreAustralian Government Policies, Initiatives And Legislative Requirements1075 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirements and analyse how these documents influence curriculum, promote quality care and support the achievement of high quality outcomes for young children in Early Learning contexts. Introduction 200 words l Overview of the situation and identification of key issues. In 2012, the National Quality Framework (NQF) was introduced by the Australian Government and subsequently applied to majority of children’s education and care services. The framework is used to ensure the wellbeing of children

Liberty And Education For All America, The Land Of...

Liberty and Education for All America, the land of opportunity. Many people imagine of making their dreams a reality in the country of the United States, some do succeed but for others it is out of their reach. Many people do not think of the fight for education to be an issue in America, especially since America is called â€Å"the best nation on Earth†. It is like when Malala from Pakistan fought for rights that everyone should have the right to education. Education is said to be the key to success and with the proper education people can get jobs and make a living off it. Native Americans need education to get out of poverty and to reach out to society and, hopefully, catch with the rest of the world. People tend to forgot the importance of†¦show more content†¦As America is known to be a diverse country it is hard to be accepted by society if people do not even recognize you by the culture difference. Native Americans today try their best in sovereignty to keep th eir culture alive passing it down to the younger generation but it is a struggle today and the background Native Americans have with Americans (Meza, 2015). Knowing of the struggles the students must face it makes them face to difficult choices not only for themselves but for their families. They would have to face reality that they might not have the chance to achieve in getting higher education to achieve their dreams. Many students must drop out for money issues and get a job early to support their families. This expresses that people miss the culture difference and how it effects the lives of the students (Faircloth, Alcantar, Stage, 2015). Best way to demonstrate is like a human going to Mars and having to live there with other lifeforms, if there were any, basically for Native Americans it is like a completely different world to be in when they leave the reservation. It makes it hard for the Native American student to connect with other students from different backgrounds and eventually not just ruining them socially but even academically making them drop out (Faircloth, Alcantar, Stage, 2015). This kind of situation cause stress to students to try to beShow MoreRelatedFamily Scholarship : One Thousand Words Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesScholarship: One Thousand Words Driven towards the miracle of liberty and challenge of a new beginning in America, I struggled and finally moved to the United States. Although I was born in Cuba, where democracy and liberty are elusive, even as a young child I longed for this freedom, which I never experienced. I truly believe that Josà © Martà ­ words ring as true today as they did when he first uttered them. Not only have I been driven to seek liberty, but also the journey has empowered me to build a lifeRead MoreThe Federal Government s Influence On American Freedoms1612 Words   |  7 Pagesand granting land to railroad companies (Fohner, Liberty 605). The land that was granted were home to hundreds of thousands of Native Americans in their respective tribes. America saw the west as a land of opportunity for economic expansion and sought to stay away from the urbanization in the east. Nothing would get in the way of a reunited nations quest for expansion, which would wreak havoc on the Native American commu nities that inhabited these lands. They have been on these lands for many yearsRead MoreRace, Gender, And Class Defined Liberty And Freedom879 Words   |  4 Pagesand Class Defined Liberty and Freedom in early America In eighteenth century America, freedom and liberty were constantly being defined and redefined. After the American Revolution, when America declared its independence from Britain, America started writing its own doctrines and establishing what made the United States an independent country. What made someone free, what constituted as liberty, and who got to obtain both was always changing. Different groups defined liberty and freedom in differentRead MoreThe American Dream1652 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is often seen as the land of opportunities. The classical American dream is sought after like the fountain of youth by immigrants. The history of America is sewed with different immigrant groups fleeing their own country in order for a better life in the new world. Through libertarian ideals, rights and duties guaranteed by our Constitution, the American dream, education ideals and individualization, America are still a growing country that is currently evolving based on changing ethnic andRead MoreGive Me Liberty1161 Words   |  5 PagesGive Me Liberty! Give Us Suffrage! â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!† This famous quote used by Patrick Henry during his Virginia Convention speech was the declaration of the many persons who faced injustice and inequality in America. The United States of America was said to be the land of opportunity and prosperity, but opportunity and prosperity for whom? Terms and conditions were not stipulated upon living in or relocating to America that liberty would only be available to those that qualifiedRead MoreEssay on Slavery and the American Revolution1243 Words   |  5 PagesAs the slave population in the United States of America grew to 500,000 in 1176, documenting slavery as part of the American Revolution became increasingly important. America was rooted in slavery; and it contributed to the economy and social structure. The revolution forced citizens of the new nation to be conscious of slavery and its potential dismissal from every day life. Two articles that prove slavery only succeeded because of the false reality that slave owners created and the conformityRead MoreWhat American Ideal Sets Our Country Apart As Unique And All Its Own Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pages What American ideal sets our country apart as unique and all its own, different from all other countries in the world? The idea of true liberty, or freedom from oppression within society (Oxford Dictionary), can be seen throughout American culture. This quality, however, has not always been equally demonstrated to all groups of people. Ever since the founding of the country, the African-American community has strived for liberty and equality in society. After being pushed down into the chains ofRead MoreThe Success Of The American Dream942 Words   |  4 Pagesinterpretations. But basically â€Å"American Dream† is defined as the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of the people living in America. Lots of people immigrate to America in search of â€Å"American Dream†. They come in America to fulfil their â€Å"American Dream† which is composed of freedom, security and most importantly, opportunities. America is considered as the land of opportunities and the large availability of the opportunities make people work harder and push their limits and fulfil their goalsRead MoreThe American Dream : The Greatest Country On Earth Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States of America, however there are many that would say the contrary. Yet there is no denying America’s greatness and accomplishments, is the American Dream that gives its country the valor and beauty it wears actually true? The American Dream serves as the foundation of ideals that cloaks the nation, and inspires the belief that anyone is able to build themselves a better future from the bottom up through hard work and determination by the help of opportunities and instilled equalityRead MoreThe Speech Of George Washington Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagesthe words of George Washington, â⠂¬Å"It is the duty of all Nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey his will, to be grateful for his benefits, and humbly to implore his protection and favor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Benjamin Franklin stated, â€Å"In the beginning of the Contest with Great Britain, when we were sensible of danger we had daily prayer in this room for the divine protection. . Our prayers, Sir, were heard, and they were graciously answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have observed

Blue Eye free essay sample

CONTEN TS †¢ Introduction †¢ Emotion mouse †¢ Emotion and computing †¢ Theory †¢ Result †¢ Manual and gaze input cascaded (magic) pointing †¢ Eye tracker †¢ Implementing magic pointing †¢ Artificial intelligent speech recognition †¢ Application †¢ The simple user interface tracker †¢ conclusion Introduction :Imagine yourself in a world where humans interact with computers. You are sitting in front of your personal computer that can listen, talk, or even scream aloud. It has the ability to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc. It can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse. It verifies your identity, feels your presents, and starts interacting with you . You ask the computer to dial to your friend at his office. It realizes the urgency of the situation through the mouse, dials your friend at his office, and establishes a connection. The BLUE EYES technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. Employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identifies the users actions through the use of imparted sensory abilities . The machin an understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional states. Emotion mouse:One goal of human computer interaction (HCI) is to make an adaptive, smart computer system. This type of project could possibly include gesture recognition, facial recognition, eye tracking, speech recognition, etc. Another non-invasive way to obtain information about a person is through touch. People use their computers to obtain, store and manipulate data using their computer. In order to start creating smart computers, the computer must start gaining information about the user. Our proposed method for gaining user information through touch is via a computer input device, the mouse. From the physiological data obtained from the user, an emotional state may be determined which would then be related to the task the user is currently doing on the computer. Over a period of time, a user model will be built in order to gain a sense of the users personality. The scope of the project is to have the computer adapt to the user in order to create a better working environment where the user is more productive. The first steps towards realizing this goal are described here. Emotion and computing:Rosalind Picard (1997) describes why emotions are important to the computing community. There are two aspects of affective computing: giving the computer the ability to detect emotions and giving the computer the ability to express emotions. Not only are emotions crucial for rational decision making. but emotion detection is an important step to an adaptive computer system. An adaptive, smart computer system has been driving our efforts to detect a person’s emotional state. By matching a person’s emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the person’s personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its user’s personality. The result of this collaboration could increase productivity for the user. One way of gaining information from a user nonintrusively is by video. Cameras have been used to detect a person’s emotional state. We have explored gaining information through touch. One obvious place to put sensors is on the mouse. Theory:Based on Paul Ekman’s facial expression work, we see a correlation between a person’s emotional state and a person’s physiological measurements. Selected works from Ekman and others on measuring facial behaviors describe Ekman’s Facial Action Coding System (Ekman and Rosenberg, 1997). One of his experiments involved participants attached to devices to record certain measurements including pulse, galvanic skin response (GSR), temperature, somatic movement and blood pressure. He then recorded the measurements as the participants were instructed to mimic facial expressions which corresponded to the six basic emotions. He defined the six basic emotions as anger, fear, sadness, disgust, joy and surprise. From this work, Dryer (1993) determined how physiological measures could be used to distinguish various emotional states. The measures taken were GSR, heart rate, skin temperature and general somatic activity (GSA). These data were then subject to two analyses. For the first analysis, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure was used to determine the dimensionality of the data. Result:The data for each subject consisted of scores for four physiological assessments [GSA, GSR, pulse, and skin temperature, for each of the six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise)] across the five minute baseline and test sessions. GSA data was sampled 80 times per second, GSR and temperature were reported approximately 3-4 times per second and pulse was recorded as a beat was detected, approximately 1 time per second. To account for individual variance in physiology, we calculated the difference between the baseline and test scores. Scores that differed by more than one and a half standard deviations from the mean were treated as missing. By this criterion, twelve score were removed from the analysis. The results show the theory behind the Emotion mouse work is fundamentally sound. The physiological measurements were correlated to emotions using a correlation model. The correlation model is derived from a calibration process in which a baseline attribute-to emotion correlation is rendered based on statistical analysis of calibration signals generated by users having emotions that are measured or otherwise known at calibration time. Manual and gaze (magic) pointing:- input cascaded This work explores a new direction in utilizing eye gaze for computer input. Gaze tracking has long been considered as an alternative or potentially superior pointing method for computer input. We believe that many undamental limitations exist with traditional gaze pointing. In particular, it is unnatural to overload a perceptual channel such as vision with a motor control task. We therefore propose an alternative approach, dubbed MAGIC (Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded) pointing. With such an approach, pointing appears to the user to be a manual task, used for fine manipulation and sel ection. However, a large portion of the cursor movement is eliminated by warping the cursor to the eye gaze area, which encompasses the target. Two specific MAGIC and pointing liberal, techniques, were one conservative one designed, nalyzed, and implemented with an eye tracker we developed. They were then tested in a pilot study. This early stage exploration showed that the MAGIC pointing techniques might offer many advantages, including reduced physical effort and fatigue as compared to traditional manual pointing, greater accuracy and naturalness than traditional gaze pointing, and possibly faster speed than manual pointing. In our view, there are two fundamental shortcomings to the existing gaze pointing techniques, regardless of the maturity of eye tracking technology. First, given the one-degree size of the fovea and the subconscious jittery motions that the eyes constantly produce, eye gaze is not precise enough to operate UI widgets such as scrollbars, hyperlinks, and slider handles Second, and perhaps more importantly, the eye, as one of our primary perceptual devices, has not evolved to be a control organ. Sometimes its movements are voluntarily controlled while at other times it is driven by external events. With the target selection by dwell time method, considered more natural than selection by blinking [7], one has to be conscious of where one looks and how long one looks at an object. If one does not look at a target continuously for a set threshold (e. g. , 200 ms), the target will not be successfully selected. Once the cursor position had been redefined, the user would need to only make a small movement to, and click on, the target with a regular manual input device. We have designed two MAGIC pointing techniques, one liberal and the other conservative in terms of target identification and cursor placement. Eye tracker:- Since the goal of this work is to explore MAGIC pointing as a user interface technique, we started out by purchasing a commercial eye tracker (ASL Model 5000) after a market survey. In comparison to the system reported in early studies this system is much more compact and reliable. However, we felt that it was still not robust enough for a variety of people with different eye characteristics, such as pupil brightness and correction glasses. We hence chose to develop and use our own eye tracking system. Available commercial systems, such as those made by ISCAN Incorporated, LC Technologies, and Applied Science Laboratories (ASL), rely on a single light source that is positioned either off the camera axis in the case of the ISCANETL-400 systems, or on-axis in the case of the LCT and the ASL E504 systems. Eye tracking data can be acquired simultaneously with MRI scanning using a system that illuminates the left eye of a subject with an infrared (IR) source, acquires a video image of that eye, locates the corneal reflection (CR) of the IR source, and in real time calculates/displays/records the gaze direction and pupil diameter. Once the pupil has been detected, the corneal reflection is determined from the dark pupil image. The reflection is then used to estimate the users point of gaze in terms of the screen coordinates where the user is looking at. An initial calibration procedure, similar to that required by commercial eye trackers. Implementing magic pointing:We programmed the two MAGIC pointing techniques on a Windows NT system. The techniques work independently from the applications. The MAGIC pointing program takes data from both the manual input device (of any type, such as a mouse) and the eye tracking system running either on the same machine or on another machine connected via serial port. Raw data from an eye tracker can not be directly used for gaze-based interaction, due to noise from image processing, eye movement jitters, and samples taken during saccade (ballistic eye movement) periods. The goal of filter design in general is to make the best compromise between preserving signal bandwidth and eliminating unwanted noise. In the case of eye tracking, as Jacob argued, eye information relevant to interaction lies in the fixations. Our filtering algorithm was designed to pick a fixation with minimum delay by means of selecting two adjacent points over two samples. Artificial intelligent speech recognition:It is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker and accepted by the system, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the user’s speech are some factors that may affect the quality of speech recognition . When you dial the telephone number of a big company, you are likely to hear the sonorous voice of a cultured lady who responds to your call with great courtesy saying â€Å"Welcome to company X. Please give me the extension number you want†. You pronounce the extension number, your name, and the name of person you want to contact. If the called person accepts the call, the connection is given quickly. This is artificial intelligence where an automatic call-handling system is used without employing any telephone operator. Application:One of the main benefits of speech recognition system is that and it The lets user user can do other works on still simultaneously. observation concentrate and manual operations, ontrol the machinery by voice input commands. Another major application of speech processing is in military operations. Voice control of weapons is an example. With reliable speech recognition equipment, pilots can give commands and information to the computers by simply speaking into their microphones—they don’t have to use their hands for this purpose. Another good example is a radiologist scanning hundreds of X-rays, ultrasonograms, dictating syste m CT scans to and simultaneously The conclusions to a speech recognition connected word processors. adiologist can focus his attention on the images rather than writing the text. Voice recognition could also be used on computers for making airline and hotel reservations. A user requires simply to state his needs, to make reservation, cancel a reservation, or make enquiries about schedule. The simple user interface tracker:Computers would have been much more powerful, had they gained perceptual and sensory abilities of the living beings on the earth. What needs to be developed is an intimate relationship between the computer and the humans. And the Simple User Interest Tracker (SUITOR) is a revolutionary approach in this direction. By observing the Webpage a netizen is browsing, the SUITOR can help by fetching more information at his desktop. By simply noticing where the user’s eyes focus on the computer screen, the SUITOR can be more precise in determining his topic of interest. the Almaden cognitive scientist who invented SUITOR, the system presents the latest stock price or business news stories that could affect IBM. If I read the headline off the ticker, it pops up the story in a browser window. If I start to read the story, it adds related stories to the ticker. Thats the whole idea of an attentive system —one that attends to what you are doing, typing, reading, so that it can attend to your information needs. Conclusion:The nineties witnessed quantum leaps interface designing for improved man machine interactions. The BLUE EYES technology ensures a convenient way of simplifying the life by providing more delicate and user friendly facilities in computing devices. Now that we have proven the method, the next step is to improve the hardware. Instead of using cumbersome modules to gather information about the user, it will be better to use smaller and less intrusive units. The day is not far when this technology will push its way into your house hold, making you more lazy. It may even reach your hand held mobile device. Any way this is only a technological forecast. THANK YOU Seminar report on Submitted to:Submitted by:Prof. S. K. prabhash pratap singh E. C. 3rdyear ( 0904EC061088) Ranjeet